The place does the extinct Chinese language woolly rhinoceros come from? How can we fight multi-resistant gram-negative micro organism ? What’s the occupational publicity to wonderful particulate matter (PM) in a concrete manufacturing office? Can Digital well being data (EHRS) be harvested extra effectively? What’s the notion of oral well being in city slums in Nigeria?

Sophie Nicod 23 Oct 2023

BMC Ecology and Evolution – Historic mitogenomes reveal a excessive maternal genetic range of Pleistocene woolly rhinoceros in Northern China

This research brings us again in time to the Center to Late Pleistocene (about 0.46 − 0.012 million years in the past, Ma), when our far-off ancestors had been dwelling alongside the woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis), an extinct rhino of the genus Coelodonta that was notably properly tailored to chilly climates and extensively distributed within the Northern Hemisphere. Traces of their cohabitation has been present in caves equivalent to Lascaux and Chauvet however sadly the phylogenetic timber of the woolly rhinoceros was not included!

Investigation of rhinoceros fossils beforehand uncovered in Northern China and Siberia led to the speculation that the Chinese language fossils are the descendants of the Siberian kinfolk. The growing availability of historical DNA samples has led to a refinement of the phylogeny of the Rhinocerotidae household and the woolly rhinoceros now seems to be extra intently associated to the Sumatran rhinoceros than every other extant rhinoceros.

The authors generated 4 mitogenomes from 16 Late Pleistocene woolly rhinoceros in Northern China and carried out a comparability with beforehand revealed genomes with the intention to examine the maternal lineage of the Chinese language woolly rhinoceros. In addition they calculated the nucleotide range of woolly rhinoceros’ specimens from totally different areas in Asia thus offering insights into the molecular evolution of Chinese language woolly rhinoceros and shedding gentle on of previous dispersal occasions of this extinct rhino. They detected a brand new early separating maternal clad, deeply divergent, that would signify the primary woolly rhinoceros inhabitants earlier than its dispersal into Asia. Alternatively, this newly discoverer clade might level to this extinct rhino having developed in Northern China moderately than in Europe! This idea would certainly require additional investigation. In any case, these findings spotlight Northern China as a attainable refugium for Quaternary mammals beneath stress of local weather and environmental modifications and a key evolution middle of the Pleistocene woolly rhinoceros.

BMC Genomic Information – Full genome sequences of Providencia bacteriophages PibeRecoleta, Stilesk and PatoteraRojo

Providencia are gram-negative micro organism generally related to nosocomial urinary tract an infection, wounds in burn sufferers and linked to diarrhoea and gastroenteritis. They are naturally immune to generally used antibiotics together with colistin, the final resort antibiotic for multi-resistant gram-negative micro organism. As such, they’re categorised as Vital Precedence 1 on the World Well being Organizations world precedence pathogens record requiring additional analysis and growth of latest antibiotics.

Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses which are pure predators of micro organism and able to infecting and killing them. Harvesting the killing potential of phages might be an answer to the rising antibiotic disaster. Regardless of their abundance (they’re predicted to be probably the most plentiful organic entities on the planet), the provision of phages genomes continues to be restricted with solely 26 Providencia phage genomes deposited within the NCBI GenBank as of July 2023. This information observe stories three novel Providencia phages, named PibeRecoleta, Stilesk and PatoteraRojo, remoted in opposition to a scientific Providencia rettgeri pressure sourced from a affected person in a metropolitan hospital in Australia.

The constraints acknowledged by the authors are that the small variety of at present out there genomes for Providencia phages is limiting our understanding of them and that extra genomes will improve our information and assist to develop them as potential biotherapeutics brokers sooner or later.

This information observe was submitted as a part of the Bacteriophage information notes Assortment.

BMC Public Well being – Occupational publicity to wonderful particulate matter within the bolstered concrete manufacturing and its affiliation with respiratory signs and lung perform

Regardless of the very huge use of bolstered concrete, little or no is understood concerning the occupational publicity to wonderful particulate matter (PM) in concrete manufacturing office.

This research got down to characterize publicity to PM in a typical office for the entire length of the manufacturing cycle with the intention to quantify the dangers of respiratory signs and lung perform in a cohort of bolstered concrete components manufacturing trade in Almaty, Kazakhstan.
50 private samples had been collected from staff within the manufacturing unit in the summertime of 2023 utilizing moveable PM2.5 cyclones and filters. 10 samples at every of the 5 totally different places included: the concrete-mixing unit, the armature store, the steel working workshop, the molding workshop and eventually the workplace as a management. The employees had been additionally requested to finish a questionnaire about their working historical past, respiratory signs which was adopted by a lung perform check.

The very best PM2.5 concentrations had been discovered within the concrete-mixing unit (median 1180 µg/m3), adopted by metalworking (510 µg/m3), armature workshop (375 µg/m3) and molding website (245 µg/m3), totally different from the concentrations within the workplace (29.5 µg/m3).
The authors concluded that mixing concrete and metalworks are the steps that pose the best danger for employee’s well being because of the larger publicity. It’s because of the publicity to aerosol by way of inhalation that are adversely affecting respiratory well being by inflicting extra respiratory signs, independently of smoking and previous respiratory diagnoses. Subsequently wider use if PPE and publicity management measures needs to be put in place in bolstered concrete components manufacturing with the intention to protect staff’ well being.

BMC Medical Informatics and Determination Making – Combining unsupervised, supervised and rule-based studying: the case of detecting affected person allergy symptoms in digital well being data

Digital well being data (EHRs) have an enormous potential to enhance scientific choice help and to assist delivering precision medication. That is nonetheless restricted by the rule-based and machine learning-based approaches used for pure language processing (NLP) in healthcare immediately and their shortcomings.

This paper describes a novel technique NLP that implements unsupervised studying of phrase embeddings and permits for the scientific language to be routinely learnt with solely minimal handbook characteristic engineering and tagging required from scientific specialists. This pipeline allows a gradual refinement of the information in a clear method and the predictions are interpretable, a key issue for healthcare.

The tactic was put to the check utilizing actual EHR dataset and evaluating its efficiency at a classification activity which on this case was used to detect affected person’s allergy symptoms in comparison with a variety of frequent supervised studying algorithms. The brand new, mixed technique carried out a lot better than the opposite technique evaluated. These promising outcomes counsel that extra analysis needs to be geared toward exploiting the inherent synergies between unsupervised, supervised, and rule-based paradigms for scientific NLP.

BMC Oral Well being – Oral well being in an city slum, Nigeria: residents’ perceptions, practices and care-seeking experiences

A go to to the dentist can simply make the record of probably the most universally disliked actions. Nonetheless, regardless of their unpopularity, these visits are nonetheless important for buccal hygiene and to keep away from issues. On this research, researchers deal with the oral well being perceptions, practices and care-seeking experiences of slum residents in Ibadan, Nigeria. Certainly the WHO has advisable inclusion of deprived populations of their new world oral well being technique.

This was an exploratory qualitative research making use of face-to-face-focus group discussions with consultant households between September and October 2019.The individuals had been between 25 and 59 years previous. Dental ache was probably the most generally reported oral well being subject talked about by the individuals they usually largely describes the depth and severity of the ache. The implications of those ache had been extreme typically even ensuing within the demise of the affected person!

The research concluded that the residents had preconceived concepts about dental clinics equivalent to them being unaffordable that precluded them from visiting them. As an alternative they most well-liked self-care cures and engaged in typically dangerous oral well being practices. Policymakers would wish to take these findings under consideration with the intention to present higher schooling on early dental care in addition to out there, and inexpensive oral healthcare to slum residents.