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Usually, we’re taught that a preposition describes the place of a noun.
Prepositions additionally describe the connection between a noun/pronoun and different phrases in a sentence.
Even for those who’re a grasp of English prepositions, Spanish prepositions are one other ballgame—the languages will be fairly totally different, in any case.
Right here, we’ll cowl each easy and compound prepositions in Spanish.
Learn on for 40 of the most typical Spanish prepositions, plus when and the way to use them.
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What’s a Preposition?
A preposition is a phrase that reveals the connection between a noun (or pronoun) and different components in a sentence. Prepositions typically point out location, course, time or the connection between totally different objects.
Prepositions will be tough as a result of they don’t at all times have direct, easy translations between languages and might typically be translated in a different way relying on how they’re used.
For instance, the Spanish preposition en can imply “in,” “on,” “at,” “into” or “by” relying on the context:
Vivo en Madrid.
(I stay in Madrid).
El libro está en la mesa.
(The ebook is on the desk).
Estoy en la oficina.
(I’m at the workplace).
El gato se metió en la caja.
(The cat crawled into the field.)
Llegamos en taxi.
(We arrived by taxi.)
Easy Spanish Prepositions
Listed here are 23 of the most typical Spanish prepositions. You’ll see that lots of them have a number of meanings:
| Preposition | That means(s) | Instance |
|---|---|---|
| a | to
used to attach ir to an infinitive |
Voy a la casa de mi amiga. (I will my good friend’s home.) Ellos van a nadar. Tengo que llamar a mi mamá. |
| ante | earlier than, within the face of (utilized in formal speech) | El acusado fue presentado ante un juez. (The defendant appeared earlier than a decide.) |
| bajo | underneath, beneath
underneath the rule of a political determine |
El perro está bajo la mesa. (The canine is underneath the desk.) Bajo Kim Jong-un, Corea del Norte ha tenido muchos problemas. |
| cabe | near, subsequent to
*Not often utilized in fashionable Spanish however can nonetheless be present in literature |
La casa estaba cabe el bosque. (The home was subsequent to the forest.) |
| con | with (accompaniment)
with (to emphasise significance of one thing) |
Voy a la fiesta con mis amigos. (I will the social gathering with my buddies.) Con todo lo que ha pasado en mi vida, me mantengo optimista. |
| contra | towards (against)
towards (bodily location) |
No tengo nada contra él. (I haven’t got something towards him.) La mesa está contra la pared. |
| de | from (indicating origin)
from (indicating trigger) of (indicating composition) of (indicating possession) about |
Mi abuela es de Canadá. (My grandmother is from Canada.) Ella estaba gritando de tristeza. El plato está hecho de plástico. Este libro es de mi hermana. Él puede hablar de muchos temas. |
| desde | since
from |
No la he visto desde ayer. (I have never seen her since yesterday.) Llamaré a mi madre desde tu casa. |
| durante | throughout | Recuerde, no hable durante la película. (Keep in mind, no speaking in the course of the film.) |
| en | in (bodily location)
in (indicating method) into by (indicating means) at (bodily location) |
Las cerezas están en la nevera. (The cherries are within the fridge.) Mi padre habla en voz alta. Puso la carta en el buzón. Voy a la biblioteca en coche. Estoy en el trabajo. |
| entre | between
amongst |
La puerta está entre las ventanas. (The door is between the home windows.) Encontré a mi hermana entre la multitud. |
| hacia | in the direction of
about, round (approximate time) |
Ellos corrieron hacia la salida del edificio. (They ran in the direction of the constructing’s exit.) Voy a llegar hacia las dos de la tarde. |
| hasta | till
as much as right down to |
Ellos se van a quedar con nosotros hasta mañana. (They are going to stick with us till tomorrow.) Este ascensor tiene capacidad para hasta 10 personas. La temperatura bajó hasta los 10 grados. |
| mediante | by way of, by the use of | Realizaremos la reunión mediante una videollamada. (We’ll maintain the assembly by way of a video name.) |
| para | for
to, with a purpose to |
Le compré un regalo muy bonito para Navidad. (I purchased him a really good present for Christmas.) Para llegar a mi casa hay que subir una gran colina. |
| por | for
by due to by way of per |
Muchas gracias por toda tu ayuda. (Thanks a lot for all of your assist.) Para ir al gimnasio, tienes que pasar por la farmacia. No fui a trabajar por la gripe. Ellos pasaron por el pasillo. Son quince dólares por libra. |
| según | relying on
in keeping with |
Según el tiempo, podemos ir a la playa. (Relying on the climate, we will go to the seashore.) Según su madre, la tienda cierra a las siete. |
| sin | with out | Ahora, Elena puede hacer su tarea sin la ayuda de sus padres. (Now, Elena can do her homework with out her dad and mom’ assist.) |
| so | underneath
*You will seemingly solely see so in literary contexts, or in expressions like so pretexto de (underneath the pretext/guise of) and so pena de (underneath the specter of). |
So pretexto de trabajar hasta tarde, planeó una fiesta sorpresa para su novio. (Underneath the pretext of working late, she deliberate a shock social gathering for her boyfriend.) |
| sobre | on
about over |
Por favor, no pongas tu ropa sucia sobre la mesa. (Please do not put your soiled garments on the desk.) Busco un libro sobre animales salvajes. El avión voló sobre el océano. |
| tras | after | Mes tras mes, ella se siente cada vez más tranquila. (Month after month, she feels more and more calmer.) |
| versus | versus, towards | Este juego es el equipo de mi hermana versus el equipo de mi mejor amiga… ¡No sé a quién apoyar! (This sport is my sister’s workforce versus my finest good friend’s workforce… I do not know who to root for!) |
| vía | by way of, by means of
by, through |
Viajé a Costa Rica vía los Estados Unidos. (I traveled to Costa Rica by means of america.) La jefa le enviará el horario vía correo electrónico. |
Compound Spanish Prepositions
Compound prepositions are teams of a couple of phrase that, collectively, have the perform of a preposition. In Spanish, they’re referred to as locuciones preposicionales (prepositional phrases).
| Preposition | That means(s) | Instance |
|---|---|---|
| a pesar de | regardless of | Mi hermano quiere hacer paracaidismo a pesar de su miedo a las alturas. (My brother desires to go skydiving regardless of his concern of heights.) |
| a través de | by way of | Nos comunicamos a través de mensajes de texto mientras él estaba de viaje. (We communicated by way of textual content messages whereas he was on a visit.) |
| al lado de | beside, subsequent to | Me gusta mucho el restaurante que está al lado de la playa. (I actually just like the restaurant that is subsequent to the seashore.) |
| además de | apart from, along with | Además de tocar el piano, ¿qué te gusta hacer? (Apart from taking part in piano, what do you love to do?) |
| alrededor de | round (bodily location)
round (giving an approximation) |
Hay flores alrededor de la iglesia. (There are flowers across the church.) En la escuela, hay alrededor de 1500 estudiantes. |
| cerca de | near, close to | El resort está cerca de muchos restaurantes y tiendas. (The resort is near many eating places and retailers.) |
| debajo de | underneath, beneath | El gato estaba sentando debajo de la silla. (The cat was sitting beneath the chair.) |
| delante de | in entrance of | Solo mantente por delante de los otros corredores y estarás bien. (Simply keep in entrance of the opposite runners and you will be effective.) |
| dentro de | inside
inside |
Hay muchos autobuses dentro de los límites de la ciudad. (The corporate will get again to us inside per week.) La compañía se pondrá en contacto con nosotros dentro de una semana. |
| detrás de | behind | Ella caminó detrás de su tía. (She walked behind her aunt.) |
| en cuanto a | as for, relating to | En cuanto a tus preguntas, las responderé al remaining de la presentación. (Relating to your questions, I will reply them on the finish of the presentation.) |
| en lugar de / en vez de |
as a substitute of | ¿Podrías hacerlo con miel en lugar de azúcar? (Might you make it with honey as a substitute of sugar?) Prefiero té en vez de café por la tarde. |
| encima de | on high of | Tu sombrero está encima de la cama. (Your hat is on high of the mattress.) |
| frente a | in entrance of | Hay un McDonald’s frente a mi escuela. (There’s a McDonald’s in entrance of my faculty.) |
| fuera de | exterior of | El perro esperó fuera del hospital. (The canine waited exterior of the hospital.) |
| junto a | subsequent to, by
alongside |
¿Está su casa junto a la parada de autobús? (Is their home subsequent to the bus cease?) Durante la formación, trabajará junto a profesionales cualificados. |
| lejos de | removed from | El supermercado está lejos de mi casa (The grocery store is way from my home.) |
When and The best way to Use Spanish Prepositions
As we’ve seen, prepositions are versatile and might have a number of meanings, so you need to contemplate the context of the sentence. Studying prepositions in context by way of observe and publicity to genuine language use is essential for mastery.
Listed here are some examples of when and the way to use Spanish prepositions for various functions:
Location and Route
- Use en to point being in a spot: Estoy en casa
(I’m at house). - Use a to point motion in the direction of a spot: Voy a la tienda
(I’m going to the shop). - Use hacia for a extra particular course: Camina hacia el parque
(He walks in the direction of the park).
Time
Method and Possession
Trigger and Function
When Prepositions Mix with Different Phrases
Observe that the prepositions a and de mix with the particular article el (the) to create al
and del.
For instance:
Voy al gimnasio después del trabajo.
(I’m going to the gymnasium after work.)
After we need to say “with me” or “with you” (the casual “you”) we are saying conmigo
or contigo:
¿Quieres ir al baile conmigo? Porque me encantaría ir contigo.
(Do you need to go to the dance with me? As a result of I’d like to go along with you.)
The place to Observe Spanish Prepositions On-line
So that you’re now beginning your endeavor to memorize each single Spanish preposition! Okay, possibly not all of them, however you do need them to begin coming to you extra simply.
Listed here are some nice methods to observe Spanish prepositions:
- A fast and simple quiz to start your preposition observe will be discovered at Spanish.ToLearnFree.com. Every query includes a drop-down listing of prepositions so that you can select from.
- The FluentU program gives quite a lot of Spanish movies with interactive subtitles, so you’ll be able to immerse your self within the language and study prepositions straight from native audio system.
- LearnSpanishFeelGood.com options 24 workouts to check your data of prepositions. It contains actions like utilizing prepositions of time and the distinction between por and para.
- SpanishBoat.com gives a fill-in-the-blank quiz. You should utilize the phrase field that can assist you put the right preposition in every clean, or attempt to do it straight from reminiscence. Maintain making an attempt till you get all of them proper!
By investing time into studying prepositions and the way they’re used, you will get extra comfy utilizing them in several contexts.
Bookmark this web page and are available again to it at any time when you will have a couple of minutes to evaluate.
You’ll quickly really feel far more assured talking Spanish!
Obtain:
This weblog put up is accessible as a handy and moveable PDF that you simply
can take anyplace.
Click on right here to get a replica. (Obtain)
And One Extra Factor…
If you happen to’ve made it this far meaning you in all probability get pleasure from studying Spanish with partaking materials and will then love FluentU.
Different websites use scripted content material. FluentU makes use of a pure method that helps you ease into the Spanish language and tradition over time. You’ll study Spanish because it’s really spoken by actual individuals.
FluentU has all kinds of movies, as you’ll be able to see right here:
FluentU brings native movies inside attain with interactive transcripts. You possibly can faucet on any phrase to look it up immediately. Each definition has examples which were written that can assist you perceive how the phrase is used. If you happen to see an fascinating phrase you don’t know, you’ll be able to add it to a vocab listing.
Assessment a whole interactive transcript underneath the Dialogue tab, and discover phrases and phrases listed underneath Vocab.
Be taught all of the vocabulary in any video with FluentU’s sturdy studying engine. Swipe left or proper to see extra examples of the phrase you’re on.
The most effective half is that FluentU retains observe of the vocabulary that you simply’re studying, and provides you additional observe with tough phrases. It will even remind you when it’s time to evaluate what you’ve discovered. Each learner has a really personalised expertise, even when they’re studying with the identical video.
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